Corporate Income Tax

Understanding Corporate Income Taxes

Since the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (TCJA) of 2017, the statutory corporate income tax rate—state and federal combined—is 25.8 percent. The TCJA reduced the federal corporate income tax rate from 35 percent to 21 percent, dropping the combined rate from 38.9 percent to 25.8 percent and placing the U.S. nearer to the worldwide average.

 

State-level corporate income tax rates vary across the country. Six states (Nevada, Ohio, South Dakota, Texas, Washington, and Wyoming) levy no corporate income tax, while the other 44 states and the District of Columbia do tax corporate profits.

Corporate Tax Forms

States take approaches to tax business and corporations

Form 1120 S

S Corporations Tax Incomes

Form 1065

Partnership Incomes

Form 1041

Estates & Trusts

Form 990

Tax-Exempt

Who Pays Corporate Income Tax?

While C corporations are required to pay the corporate income tax, the burden of the tax falls not only on the business but also on its consumers and employees through higher prices and lower wages.

Businesses in America broadly fall into two categories: C corporations, which pay the corporate income tax, and pass-throughs—such as partnerships, S corporations, LLCs, and sole proprietorships—which “pass” their income “through” to their owner’s income tax returns and pay the ordinary individual income tax. Some states have not corporate income tax:

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Corporate Tax Revenue

Overall, corporate tax revenue as a percent of total tax revenue has been declining over the last 50 years. This is partly because C corporations tend to be taxed more heavily than pass-through businesses, which has led to a decline in C corporations and an increase in pass-through businesses.

Corporate  Tax Base

The CIT generally taxes a business’ profits, which are revenues (what a business makes in sales) minus costs (the cost of doing business).

 

However, costs of capital investments—such as equipment, machinery, and buildings—can not be deducted when they incur. Instead, they have to be deducted over an extended period of time, inflating a business’ taxable income and thus increasing the cost of capital.

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